Studies

• I had no course choice until my 3rd year
  ⇒ very broad, valuable, base of science knowledge
• Later, when I could, I focussed on theoretical topics:
  • Quantum optics
  • Particle physics
  • Quantum field theory
• Took history of science and other topics non-credit
  - and nearly started a PhD in history of science
• My Masters project (pro gradu) was on wetting
  - last minute change to theoretical particle physics

How I got into physics: summer jobs

• 2003: Condensed Matter, University of St. Andrews
• 2004: (bummed around, folk music concerts)
• 2005: Space Physics, Imperial College London
  working on the Cassini space probe 🛰😃
• 2006: Two summer jobs,
  1. Theoretical Physics, Imperial College London
     working on complex networks
  2. Applied Mathematics, Imperial College London
     studying mathematical modelling of evolution
• 2007: CERN OpenLab (computing department)
  working on volunteer computing/citizen science

Summer jobs, Masters, PhD ...

• Supervisors and employers care about you developing into a mature, independent scientist
• Finding projects: talk to potential supervisors + current students:
  • Is it a nice group to work in?
    (for 3 months? 1 year? 4 years?!)
  • Can you get a summer job?
  • What courses do they suggest?
  • Will someone mentor you?
• Do try new things and take unexpected turns.

Neutron star merger and cosmology

1. Photons arrived 1.7s later, after travelling 100 M ly
   ⇒ gravitational waves travel at the speed of light
2. Independent measurement of universe's expansion:
   • Luminosity of gravitational waves → distance
   • Telescopes observe host galaxy → velocity

What happened in the early universe? when the universe was optically opaque? to dark matter?

LISA mission

To see what happened right after the Big Bang, need to study longer wavelengths, need to go into space!

• Three arms (six lasers), 2.5 M km separation
• Launch 2034